sysctls could in principle also be used as a write gadget for arbitrary
procfs files. As this requires getting a non-subset=pid /proc handle we
amortise this by only allocating a single procfs handle for all sysctl
writes.
Fixes: GHSA-cgrx-mc8f-2prm CVE-2025-52881
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
All of the callers of EnsureProcHandle now use filepath-securejoin's
ProcThreadSelf to get a file handle, which has much stricter
verification to avoid procfs attacks than EnsureProcHandle's very
simplistic filesystem type check.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
From a safety perspective this might not be strictly required, but it
paves the way for us to remove utils.ProcThreadSelf.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
EnsureProcHandle only protects us against a tmpfs mount, but the risk of
a procfs path being used (such as /proc/self/sched) has been known for a
while. Now that filepath-securejoin has a reasonably safe procfs API,
switch to it.
Fixes: GHSA-cgrx-mc8f-2prm CVE-2025-52881
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
os.Create is shorthand for open(O_CREAT|O_TRUNC) *without* O_EXCL, which
is incredibly unsafe for us to do when interacting with a container
rootfs (especially before pivot_root) as an attacker could swap the
target path with a symlink that points to the host filesystem, causing
us to delete the contents of or create host files.
We did have a similar bug in CVE-2024-45310, but in that case we
(luckily) didn't have O_TRUNC set which avoided the worst possible case.
However, os.Create does set O_TRUNC and we were using it in scenarios
that may have been exploitable.
Because of how easy it us for us to accidentally introduce this kind of
bug, we should simply not allow the usage of os.Create in our entire
codebase.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
If an attacker were to make the target of a device inode creation be a
symlink to some host path, os.Create would happily truncate the target
which could lead to all sorts of issues. This exploit is probably not as
exploitable because device inodes are usually only bind-mounted for
rootless containers, which cannot overwrite important host files (though
user files would still be up for grabs).
The regular inode creation logic could also theoretically be tricked
into changing the access mode and ownership of host files if the
newly-created device inode was swapped with a symlink to a host path.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
This is primarily done out of an abudance of caution against runc exec
being attacked by a container where /dev/pts/ptmx has been replaced with
some other bad inode (a disconnected NFS handle, a symlink that goes
through a leaked runc file descriptor to reference a host ptmx, etc).
Unfortunately, we cannot trivially verify that /dev/pts/ptmx is actually
the /dev/pts from the container without storing stuff like the fsid in
the runc state.json, which is probably not worth the extra effort. This
should at least avoid the most concerning cases.
Reported-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
An attacker could make /dev/console a symlink. This presents two
possible issues:
1. os.Create will happily truncate targets, which could have resulted
in a worse version of CVE-2024-4531. Luckily, this all happens after
pivot_root(2) so the scope of that particular attack is fairly
limited (you are unlikely to be able to easily access host rootfs
files -- though it might be possible to take advantage of leaks such
as in CVE-2024-21626). However, O_CREAT|O_NOFOLLOW is what we should
be doing for all file creations.
2. Because we passed /dev/console as the only mount path (as opposed to
using a /proc/self/fd/$n path), an attacker could swap the symlink
to point to any other path and thus cause us to mount over some
other path. This is not as big of a problem because all the mounts
are in the container namespace after pivot_root(2), and users
usually can create arbitrary mount targets inside the container.
These issues don't seem particularly exploitable, but they deserve to be
hardened regardless.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
The pty driver has very consistent allocation rules for the major:minor
numbers of /dev/pts/$n inodes, so it is possible to somewhat safely open
/dev/pts/* paths if we validate that the inode is the one we expect.
It is possible for an attacker to have over-mounted a pts peer from a
different devpts instance, but to fix this would require more tracking
of devpts instances than runc currently can do.
This means runc should continue to work on very old kernels.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
When opening the peer end of a pty, the old kernel API required us to
open /dev/pts/$num inside the container (at least since we fixed console
handling many years ago in commit 244c9fc426 ("*: console rewrite")).
The problem is that in a hostile container it is possible for
/dev/pts/$num to be an attacker-controlled symlink that runc can be
tricked into resolving when doing bind-mounts. This allows the attacker
to (among other things) persist /proc/... entries that are later masked
by runc, allowing an attacker to escape through the kernel.core_pattern
sysctl (/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern). This is the original issue
reported by Lei Wang and Li Fu Bang in CVE-2025-52565.
However, it should be noted that this is not entirely a newly-discovered
problem. Way back in Linux 4.13 (2017), I added the TIOCGPTPEER ioctl,
which allows us to get a pty peer without touching the /dev/pts inside
the container. The original threat model was around an attacker
replacing /dev/pts/$n or /dev/pts/ptmx with some malicious inode (a DoS
inode, or possibly a PTY they wanted a confused deputy to operate on).
Unfortunately, there was no practical way for runc to cache a safe
O_PATH handle to /dev/pts/ptmx (unlike other runtimes like LXC, which
switched to TIOCGPTPEER way back in 2017). Since it wasn't clear how we
could protect against the main attack TIOCGPTPEER was meant to protect
against, we never switched to it (even though I implemented it
specifically to harden container runtimes).
Unfortunately, It turns out that mount *sources* are a threat we didn't
fully consider. Since TIOCGPTPEER already solves this problem entirely
for us in a race free way, we should just use that. In a later patch, we
will add some hardening for /dev/pts/$num opening to maintain support
for very old kernels (Linux 4.13 is very old at this point, but RHEL 7
is still kicking and is stuck on Linux 3.10).
Fixes: GHSA-qw9x-cqr3-wc7r CVE-2025-52565
Reported-by: Lei Wang <ssst0n3@gmail.com> (CVE-2025-52565)
Reported-by: lfbzhm <lifubang@acmcoder.com> (CVE-2025-52565)
Reported-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> (TIOCGPTPEER)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Currently, we rely on mount returning ENOTDIR when the destination is a
directory (and so mount tells us that the source is not), and fall back
to read-only tmpfs bind mount for such cases.
Theoretically, ENOTDIR can also be returned in some other cases,
resulting in the wrong type of mount being used.
Let's be more straightforward here -- call fstat on destination file
descriptor, and use the proper mount depending on whether it is a
directory.
Reported-by: Rodrigo Campos <rodrigoca@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
When mounting a path being masked, the /dev/null might disappear from
under us, and mount (even on an opened /dev/null file descriptor) will
return ENOENT, which we deliberately ignore, as there's no need to mask
non-existent paths.
Let's open the destination path and ignore ENOENT during open, then
mount via the destination file descriptor, not ignoring ENOENT.
Reported-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
The /dev/null in a container should not be trusted, because when /dev
is a bind mount, /dev/null is not created by runc itself.
1. Add isDevNull which checks the fd minor/major and device type,
and verifyDevNull which does the stat and the check.
2. Rewrite maskPath to open and check /dev/null, and use its fd to
perform mounts. Move the loop over the MaskPaths into the function,
and rename it to maskPaths.
3. reOpenDevNull: use verifyDevNull and isDevNull.
4. fixStdioPermissions: use isDevNull instead of stat.
Fixes: GHSA-9493-h29p-rfm2 CVE-2025-31133
Co-authored-by: Rodrigo Campos <rodrigoca@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
filepath-securejoin v0.3 gave us a much safer re-open primitive, we
should use it to avoid any theoretical attacks. Rather than using it
direcly, add a small pathrs wrapper to make libpathrs migrations in the
future easier...
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
We will have more wrappers around filepath-securejoin, and so move them
to their own specific package so that we can eventually use libpathrs
fairly cleanly (by swapping out the implementation).
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
The linux.intelRdt.enableMonitoring field enables the creation of
a per-container monitoring group. The monitoring group is removed when
the container is destroyed.
Signed-off-by: Markus Lehtonen <markus.lehtonen@intel.com>
(cherry picked from commit 7aa4e1a63d)
The main benefit here is when we are using a systemd cgroup driver,
we actually ask systemd to add a PID, rather than doing it ourselves.
This way, we can add rootless exec PID to a cgroup.
This requires newer opencontainers/cgroups and coreos/go-systemd.
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 37b5acc2d7)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Remove cgroupPaths field from struct setnsProcess, because:
- we can get base cgroup paths from p.manager.GetPaths();
- we can get sub-cgroup paths from p.process.SubCgroupPaths.
But mostly because we are going to need separate cgroup paths when
adopting cgroups.AddPid.
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5730a141f1)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
The main idea is to maintain the code separately (and eventually kill V1
implementation).
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5560020cbb)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Implement support for the linux.intelRdt.schemata field of the spec.
This allows management of the "schemata" file in the resctrl group in a
generic way.
Signed-off-by: Markus Lehtonen <markus.lehtonen@intel.com>
(cherry picked from commit 41553216ee)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
This package was marked deprecated in commit 9b60a93cf3
("libcontainer/userns: migrate to github.com/moby/sys/userns"), which
was included in runc 1.2. Users have thus had a year to migrate to
github.com/moby/sys/userns and it's okay for us to remove this wrapper
package.
(Cherry-pick of commit e4f99b5c95b8f49434452edff82e73547c7a8252.)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Set the process personality early to ensure it takes effect before
seccomp is initialized. If seccomp filters are applied first and they
block personality-related system calls (e.g., `personality(2)`),
subsequent attempts to set the personality will fail.
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
(cherry picked from commit f7dda6e6dc)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
These sysctls are all per-userns (termed `ucounts` in the kernel code) are
settable with CAP_SYS_RESOURCE in the user namespace.
Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.pizza>
(cherry picked from commit 70d88bc449)
libcontainer/user was marked as deprecated in d9ea71bf96 ("deprecate
libcontainer/user") and users have had plenty of time to migrate to
github.com/moby/sys/user.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
In certain deployments, it's possible for runc to be spawned by a
process with a restrictive cpumask (such as from a systemd unit with
CPUAffinity=... configured) which will be inherited by runc and thus the
container process by default.
The cpuset cgroup used to reconfigure the cpumask automatically for
joining processes, but kcommit da019032819a ("sched: Enforce user
requested affinity") changed this behaviour in Linux 6.2.
The solution is to try to emulate the expected behaviour by resetting
our cpumask to correspond with the configured cpuset (in the case of
"runc exec", if the user did not configure an alternative one). Normally
we would have to parse /proc/stat and /sys/fs/cgroup, but luckily
sched_setaffinity(2) will transparently convert an all-set cpumask (even
if it has more entries than the number of CPUs on the system) to the
correct value for our usecase.
For some reason, in our CI it seems that rootless --systemd-cgroup
results in the cpuset (presumably temporarily?) being configured such
that sched_setaffinity(2) will allow the full set of CPUs. For this
particular case, all we care about is that it is different to the
original set, so include some special-casing (but we should probably
investigate this further...).
Reported-by: ningmingxiao <ning.mingxiao@zte.com.cn>
Reported-by: Martin Sivak <msivak@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Peter Hunt <pehunt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Also, use GetPath() in Apply to get the resctrl group path, similar to
other methods of intelRdtManager.
Signed-off-by: Markus Lehtonen <markus.lehtonen@intel.com>
If intelRdt is specified in the spec, check that the resctrl fs is
actually mounted. Fixes e.g. the case where "intelRdt.closID" is
specified but runc silently ignores this if resctrl is not mounted.
Signed-off-by: Markus Lehtonen <markus.lehtonen@intel.com>
This was added in 2ee9cbbd12 ("It's /proc/stat, not /proc/stats") with
no actual justification, and doesn't really make much sense on further
inspection:
* /proc/net is a symlink to "self/net", which means that /proc/net/dev
is a per-process file, and so overmounting it would only affect pid1.
Any other program that cares about /proc/net/dev would see their own
process's configuration, and unprivileged processes wouldn't be able
to see /proc/1/... data anyway.
In addition, the fact that this is a symlink means that runc will
deny the overmount because /proc/1/net/dev is not in the proc
overmount allowlist. This means that this has not worked for many
years, and probably never worked in the first place.
* /proc/self/net is already namespaced with network namespaces, so the
primary argument for allowing /proc overmounts (lxcfs-like masking of
procfs files to emulate namespacing for files that are not properly
namespaced for containers -- such as /proc/cpuinfo) is moot.
It goes without saying that lxcfs has never overmounted
/proc/self/net/... files, so the general "because lxcfs"
justification doesn't hold water either.
* The kernel has slowly been moving towards blocking overmounts in
/proc/self/. Linux 6.12 blocked overmounts for fd, fdinfo, and
map_files; future Linux versions will probably end up blocking
everything under /proc/self/.
Fixes: 2ee9cbbd12 ("It's /proc/stat, not /proc/stats")
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
lifubang