2928 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Aleksa Sarai 9432ad3a96 rootfs: make cgroupv1 subsystem symlinks fd-based
As with /dev symlinks, this was missed in commit d40b3439a9 ("rootfs:
switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint targets"). It's not really
clear to what extent this was exploitable (/sys/fs/cgroup is a tmpfs we
create) but it's better to just fix this anyway.

Fixes: d40b3439a9 ("rootfs: switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint targets")
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
(cherry picked from commit 66acd48f9d)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-13 00:27:30 +02:00
Aleksa Sarai a8e53f2c6d rootfs: make /dev initialisation code fd-based
These codepaths are very old and operate on pure paths but before
pivot_root(2), meaning that a bad image with a malicious /dev symlink
could cause us to operate on host paths instead.

In practice this means that we could be tricked into removing a file
called "ptmx" (note that /dev/pts/ptmx and /dev/ptmx are both immune for
different reasons) or creating a very restricted set of symlinks (with
fixed targets and names). The scope of these bugs is thus quite limited,
but we definitely need to harden against it.

These codepaths were unfortunately missed during the fd-based rework in
commit d40b3439a9 ("rootfs: switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint
targets") -- I must've assumed they were called after pivot_root(2)...

Fixes: GHSA-xjvp-4fhw-gc47
Fixes: CVE-2026-41579
Fixes: d40b3439a9 ("rootfs: switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint targets")
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
(cherry picked from commit 864db8042d)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-13 00:05:48 +02:00
Aleksa Sarai 78c50d4a5f rootfs: switch createDevices argument order
This argument order matches most other helpers we have and will also
match the changes we are about to make to setupPtmx and
setupDevSymlinks.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
(cherry picked from commit fcf04eb41b)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-13 00:04:40 +02:00
lfbzhm 083e21ed0f libct: use preopened rootfs more
This uses preopened rootfs in Chdir and pivotRoot.

While at it, add O_PATH when opening oldroot in pivotRoot.

Co-authored-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: lfbzhm <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5b094ed1ac)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-13 00:04:26 +02:00
Kir Kolyshkin 42cfcbe453 Pre-open container root directory
A lot of filesystem-related stuff happens inside the container root
directory, and we have used its name before. It makes sense to pre-open
it and use a *os.File handle instead.

Function names in internal/pathrs are kept as is for simplicity (and it
is an internal package), but they now accept root as *os.File.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>

(cherry picked from commit 28cb321887)

It was also necessary to cherry-pick a missing hunk from commit
b88635e57e ("libct: close rootFd ASAP in maskPaths") that was not
backported to 1.3 in the backported patch commit 9a2fec0a9a ("libct:
close rootFd ASAP in maskPaths").

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-13 00:01:12 +02:00
Kir Kolyshkin 2e9b6a8a16 libct: minor refactor in mountToRootfs
No change in functionality, just a preparation for the next patch.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 78b80677f6)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-12 23:53:36 +02:00
Kir Kolyshkin edf5328b9b libct: mountCgroupV1: address TODO
Indeed, it does not make sense to prepend c.root once we started using
MkdirAllInRoot in commit 63c29081.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 60352524d3)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-12 23:53:24 +02:00
Aleksa Sarai fd76e504ed pathrs: add MkdirAllParentInRoot helper
While CreateInRoot supports hallucinating the target path, we do not use
it directly when constructing device inode targets because we need to
have different handling for mknod and bind-mounts.

The solution is to simply have a more generic MkdirAllParentInRoot
helper that MkdirAll's the parent directory of the target path and then
allows the caller to create the trailing component however they like.
(This can be used by CreateInRoot internally as well!)

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
(cherry picked from commit 195e9551e4)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-12 23:52:17 +02:00
Aleksa Sarai d0ff22b574 pathrs: add "hallucination" helpers for SecureJoin magic
In order to maintain compatibility with previous releases of runc (which
permitted dangling symlinks as path components by permitting
non-existent path components to be treated like real directories) we
have to first do SecureJoin to construct a target path that is
compatible with the old behaviour but has all dangling symlinks (or
other invalid paths like ".." components after non-existent directories)
removed.

This is effectively a more generic verison of commit 3f925525b4
("rootfs: re-allow dangling symlinks in mount targets") and will let us
remove the need for open-coding SecureJoin workarounds.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
(cherry picked from commit cfb74326be)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-12 23:52:01 +02:00
Aleksa Sarai b60f248d71 pathrs: rename MkdirAllInRootOpen -> MkdirAllInRoot
Now that MkdirAllInRoot has been removed, we can make MkdirAllInRootOpen
less wordy by renaming it to MkdirAllInRoot. This is a non-functional
change.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
(cherry picked from commit 20c5a8ec4a)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-12 23:51:52 +02:00
Aleksa Sarai ec44abc710 libct: switch final WithProcfd users to WithProcfdFile
This probably should've been done as part of commit d40b3439a9
("rootfs: switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint targets") but it
seems I missed them when doing the rest of the conversions.

This also lets us remove utils.WithProcfd entirely, as well as
pathrs.MkdirAllInRoot. Unfortunately, WithProcfd was exposed in the
externally-importable "libcontainer/utils" package and so we need to
have a deprecation notice to remove it in runc 1.5.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9dbd37e06f)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-12 23:51:40 +02:00
Aleksa Sarai 4c89edc65c libcontainer: move CleanPath and StripRoot to internal/pathrs
These helpers will be needed for the compatibility code added in future
patches in this series, but because "internal/pathrs" is imported by
"libcontainer/utils" we need to move them so that we can avoid circular
dependencies.

Because the old functions were in a non-internal package it is possible
some downstreams use them, so add some wrappers but mark them as
deprecated.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
(cherry picked from commit 42a1e19d67)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <aleksa@amutable.com>
2026-06-12 23:50:56 +02:00
lifubang 9a2fec0a9a libct: close rootFd ASAP in maskPaths
Close the root file descriptor immediately after use in maskPaths to
reduce the window during which an attacker could potentially exploit
an open fd to access or manipulate the root filesystem. This follows
the principle of least privilege and mitigates risks in compromised
or malicious container scenarios.

Co-authored-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
(cherry picked from commit b88635e57e)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2026-05-20 10:29:01 +00:00
lifubang 76424b4b0b libct: optimize maskPaths for single-directory case
This is a follow-up to #5275. That change reused a single tmpfs mount
to mask multiple directories, which is efficient when masking more than
one path. However, it introduced unnecessary overhead when only one
directory is masked. This commit restores the original behavior for the
single-path case while preserving shared tmpfs logic for multiple paths.

Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
(cherry picked from commit e7e2f00248)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2026-05-20 10:27:46 +00:00
lifubang dd9efbcd69 libct: reuse tmpfs for directory masks
Kubernetes may add one sysfs thermal_throttle entry per CPU to
maskedPaths. On large Intel systems this can produce many directory
masks for a single container. runc currently handles each directory
mask with a separate read-only tmpfs mount, and therefore a separate
tmpfs superblock.

On Linux 4.18/RHEL 8 kernels, creating and tearing down many tmpfs
superblocks can contend on the global shrinker_rwsem when containers
start or stop concurrently.

Use one read-only tmpfs for directory masks and bind-mount it over the
remaining directory targets. The first non-procfs-fd directory mount is
reopened through the container root fd before it is reused. File masks
still bind /dev/null, and procfs fd targets keep the existing
one-tmpfs-per-target behaviour because they are fd aliases rather than
stable rootfs paths.

If the bind-mount of the shared source fails (e.g. due to kernel
restrictions), fall back to individual tmpfs mounts for all remaining
directories. Tmpfs mounts use nr_blocks=1,nr_inodes=1 to minimise
kernel resource usage.

The bind mounts do not create additional tmpfs superblocks. They also
retain the read-only mount flag inherited from the source vfsmount, so
the masking semantics remain unchanged.

xref: kubernetes/kubernetes#138512
xref: kubernetes/kubernetes#138388
xref: kubernetes/kubernetes#131018

Co-authored-by: Davanum Srinivas <davanum@gmail.com>
Refactored-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
(cherry picked from commit c046c9b973)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2026-05-20 10:26:33 +00:00
lifubang e0d23b4362 libct: enforce strict tmpfs limits for masked paths
Previously, masked directories (e.g., /proc/acpi, /proc/scsi) were
mounted as read-only tmpfs without explicit size or inode limits.
Although these mounts are meant to be empty and unwritable, the lack
of resource constraints means that—should an attacker bypass the
read-only protection (e.g., via container escape, mount namespace
manipulation, or a kernel vulnerability)—the tmpfs could consume up
to 50% of system memory by default (the kernel's default tmpfs limit).

To mitigate this risk in high-density container environments and
adhere to the principle of least privilege, we now explicitly set:
  - nr_blocks=1 (sufficient for at most one block size)
  - nr_inodes=1 (sufficient for at most one inode)
Ref: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/tmpfs.5.html

These limits ensure that even if compromised, kernel memory usage
remains strictly bounded and negligible.

This change aligns with best practices used by other container
runtimes and strengthens defense-in-depth for sensitive masked paths.

Co-authored-by: Davanum Srinivas <davanum@gmail.com>
Refactored-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
(cherry picked from commit e57a7a4c8f)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2026-05-20 10:25:31 +00:00
Kir Kolyshkin 3755b0e48c Revert "Preventing containers from being unable to be deleted"
This fixes random failures to start a container in conmon integration
tests (see issue 5151).

I guess we need to find another way to fix issue 4645.

This reverts commit 1b39997e73.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5996fe143a)
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
2026-03-09 17:26:27 -07:00
lifubang bb7d09e63e libct/specconv: fix partial clear of atime mount flags
When parsing mount options into recAttrSet and recAttrClr,
the code sets attr_clr to individual atime flags (e.g.
MOUNT_ATTR_NOATIME or MOUNT_ATTR_STRICTATIME) when clearing
atime attributes. However, this violates the kernel's
requirement documented in mount_setattr(2)[1]:

> Note that, since the access-time values are an enumeration
> rather than bit values, a caller wanting to transition to a
> different access-time setting cannot simply specify the
> access-time setting in attr_set, but must also include
> MOUNT_ATTR__ATIME in the attr_clr field.  The kernel will
> verify that MOUNT_ATTR__ATIME isn't partially set in
> attr_clr (i.e., either all bits in the MOUNT_ATTR__ATIME
> bit field are either set or clear), and that attr_set
> doesn't have any access-time bits set if MOUNT_ATTR__ATIME
> isn't set in attr_clr.

Passing only a single atime flag (e.g. MOUNT_ATTR_RELATIME) in
attr_clr causes mount_setattr() to fail with EINVAL.

This change ensures that whenever an atime mode is updated,
attr_clr includes MOUNT_ATTR__ATIME to properly reset the
entire access-time attribute field before applying the new mode.

[1] https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mount_setattr.2.html

Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5560d55bfd)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2026-02-11 10:18:18 +00:00
Kir Kolyshkin e1a6adc946 libct/int: TestFdLeaks: deflake
Since the recent CVE fixes, TestFdLeaksSystemd sometimes fails:

	=== RUN   TestFdLeaksSystemd
	    exec_test.go:1750: extra fd 9 -> /12224/task/13831/fd
	    exec_test.go:1753: found 1 extra fds after container.Run
	--- FAIL: TestFdLeaksSystemd (0.10s)

It might have been caused by the change to the test code in commit
ff6fe13 ("utils: use safe procfs for /proc/self/fd loop code") -- we are
now opening a file descriptor during the logic to get a list of file
descriptors. If the file descriptor happens to be allocated to a
different number, you'll get an error.

Let's try to filter out the fd used to read a directory.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5fbc3bb019)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2025-11-26 14:14:27 +00:00
lifubang 52192a8e24 libct: add a defer fd close in createDeviceNode
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9a5e6262f0bf4e3e654b1a0d71bb804093948f85)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2025-11-20 11:52:35 +00:00
lifubang 98dc593f13 libct: always close m.dstFile in mountToRootfs
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
(cherry picked from commit e0272886047915899ec06e06665723fc453d3cbf)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2025-11-20 11:52:35 +00:00
Aleksa Sarai daf9664eb4 rootfs: only set mode= for tmpfs mount if target already existed
This was always the intended behaviour but commit 72fbb34f50 ("rootfs:
switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint targets") regressed it when
adding a mechanism to create a file handle to the target if it didn't
already exist (causing the later stat to always succeed).

A lot of people depend on this functionality, so add some tests to make
sure we don't break it in the future.

Fixes: 72fbb34f50 ("rootfs: switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint targets")
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9a9719eeb4)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-11-11 03:11:53 +11:00
Kir Kolyshkin 9381215c1f libct: fix mips compilation
On MIPS arches, Rdev is uint32 so we have to convert it.

Fixes issue 4962.

Fixes: 8476df83 ("libct: add/use isDevNull, verifyDevNull")
Fixes: de87203e ("console: verify /dev/pts/ptmx before use")
Fixes: 398955bc ("console: add fallback for pre-TIOCGPTPEER kernels")
Reported-by: Tianon Gravi <admwiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 1b954f1f06)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-11-06 13:46:38 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai b370bafce9 merge private security patches into ghsa-release-1.3.3
Aleksa Sarai (22):
  rootfs: re-allow dangling symlinks in mount targets
  openat2: improve resilience on busy systems
  selinux: use safe procfs API for labels
  rootfs: switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint targets
  libct/system: use securejoin for /proc/$pid/stat
  init: use securejoin for /proc/self/setgroups
  init: write sysctls using safe procfs API
  utils: remove unneeded EnsureProcHandle
  utils: use safe procfs for /proc/self/fd loop code
  apparmor: use safe procfs API for labels
  ci: add lint to forbid the usage of os.Create
  rootfs: avoid using os.Create for new device inodes
  internal: add wrappers for securejoin.Proc*
  go.mod: update to github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin@v0.5.0
  console: verify /dev/pts/ptmx before use
  console: avoid trivial symlink attacks for /dev/console
  console: add fallback for pre-TIOCGPTPEER kernels
  console: use TIOCGPTPEER when allocating peer PTY
  *: switch to safer securejoin.Reopen
  internal: move utils.MkdirAllInRoot to internal/pathrs
  internal/sys: add VerifyInode helper
  internal: linux: add package doc-comment

Li Fubang (1):
  libct: align param type for mountCgroupV1/V2 functions

Kir Kolyshkin (3):
  libct: maskPaths: don't rely on ENOTDIR for mount
  libct: maskPaths: only ignore ENOENT on mount dest
  libct: add/use isDevNull, verifyDevNull

Fixes: CVE-2025-31133 GHSA-9493-h29p-rfm2
Fixes: CVE-2025-52565 GHSA-qw9x-cqr3-wc7r
Fixes: CVE-2025-52881 GHSA-cgrx-mc8f-2prm
Reported-by: Lei Wang <ssst0n3@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Li Fubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
Reported-by: Tõnis Tiigi <tonistiigi@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-11-05 20:05:20 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai 4edba17619 rootfs: re-allow dangling symlinks in mount targets
It seems there are a fair few images where dangling symlinks are used as
path components for mount targets, which pathrs-lite does not support
(and it would be difficult to fully support this in a race-free way).

This was actually meant to be blocked by commit 63c2908164 ("rootfs:
try to scope MkdirAll to stay inside the rootfs"), followed by commit
dd827f7b71 ("utils: switch to securejoin.MkdirAllHandle"). However, we
still used SecureJoin to construct mountpoint targets, which means that
dangling symlinks were "resolved" before reaching pathrs-lite.

This patch basically re-adds this hack in order to reduce the breakages
we've seen so far.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-11-05 19:55:06 +11:00
Kir Kolyshkin 72e673cf13 all: format sources with gofumpt v0.9.1
Since gofumpt v0.9.0 there's a new formatting rule to "clothe" any naked
returns.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit b2f8a74de5)
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2025-10-16 04:55:08 +00:00
Aleksa Sarai 72fbb34f50 rootfs: switch to fd-based handling of mountpoint targets
An attacker could race with us during mount configuration in order to
trick us into mounting over an unexpected path. This would bypass
checkProcMount() and would allow for security profiles to be left
unapplied by mounting over /proc/self/attr/... (or even more serious
outcomes such as killing the entire system by tricking runc into writing
strings to /proc/sysrq-trigger).

This is a larger issue with our current mount infrastructure, and the
ideal solution would be to rewrite it all to be fd-based (which would
also allow us to support the "new" mount API, which also avoids a bunch
of other issues with mount(8)). However, such a rewrite is not really
workable as a security fix, so this patch is a bit of a compromise
approach to fix the issue while also moving us a bit towards that
eventual end-goal.

The core issue in CVE-2025-52881 is that we currently use the (insecure)
SecureJoin to re-resolve mountpoint target paths multiple times during
mounting. Rather than generating a string from createMountpoint(), we
instead open an *os.File handle to the target mountpoint directly and
then operate on that handle. This will make it easier to remove
utils.WithProcfd() and rework mountViaFds() in the future.

The only real issue we need to work around is that we need to re-open
the mount target after doing the mount in order to get a handle to the
mountpoint -- pathrs.Reopen() doesn't work in this case (it just
re-opens the inode under the mountpoint) so we need to do a naive
re-open using the full path. Note that if we used move_mount(2) this
wouldn't be a problem because we would have a handle to the mountpoint
itself.

Note that this is still somewhat of a temporary solution -- ideally
mountViaFds would use *os.File directly to let us avoid some other
issues with using bare /proc/... paths, as well as also letting us more
easily use the new mount API on modern kernels.

Fixes: GHSA-cgrx-mc8f-2prm CVE-2025-52881
Co-developed-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:34 +11:00
lifubang 707c4b03c5 libct: align param type for mountCgroupV1/V2 functions
Signed-off-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:34 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai 9df8180e0c libct/system: use securejoin for /proc/$pid/stat
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:34 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai 7762edc82c init: use securejoin for /proc/self/setgroups
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:34 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai c77ade57c9 init: write sysctls using safe procfs API
sysctls could in principle also be used as a write gadget for arbitrary
procfs files. As this requires getting a non-subset=pid /proc handle we
amortise this by only allocating a single procfs handle for all sysctl
writes.

Fixes: GHSA-cgrx-mc8f-2prm CVE-2025-52881
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:34 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai 3cdcddff03 utils: remove unneeded EnsureProcHandle
All of the callers of EnsureProcHandle now use filepath-securejoin's
ProcThreadSelf to get a file handle, which has much stricter
verification to avoid procfs attacks than EnsureProcHandle's very
simplistic filesystem type check.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:33 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai 2494b91604 utils: use safe procfs for /proc/self/fd loop code
From a safety perspective this might not be strictly required, but it
paves the way for us to remove utils.ProcThreadSelf.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:33 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai d1c47106d9 apparmor: use safe procfs API for labels
EnsureProcHandle only protects us against a tmpfs mount, but the risk of
a procfs path being used (such as /proc/self/sched) has been known for a
while. Now that filepath-securejoin has a reasonably safe procfs API,
switch to it.

Fixes: GHSA-cgrx-mc8f-2prm CVE-2025-52881
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:33 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai af11e85a38 ci: add lint to forbid the usage of os.Create
os.Create is shorthand for open(O_CREAT|O_TRUNC) *without* O_EXCL, which
is incredibly unsafe for us to do when interacting with a container
rootfs (especially before pivot_root) as an attacker could swap the
target path with a symlink that points to the host filesystem, causing
us to delete the contents of or create host files.

We did have a similar bug in CVE-2024-45310, but in that case we
(luckily) didn't have O_TRUNC set which avoided the worst possible case.
However, os.Create does set O_TRUNC and we were using it in scenarios
that may have been exploitable.

Because of how easy it us for us to accidentally introduce this kind of
bug, we should simply not allow the usage of os.Create in our entire
codebase.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:33 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai f4f8e8db05 rootfs: avoid using os.Create for new device inodes
If an attacker were to make the target of a device inode creation be a
symlink to some host path, os.Create would happily truncate the target
which could lead to all sorts of issues. This exploit is probably not as
exploitable because device inodes are usually only bind-mounted for
rootless containers, which cannot overwrite important host files (though
user files would still be up for grabs).

The regular inode creation logic could also theoretically be tricked
into changing the access mode and ownership of host files if the
newly-created device inode was swapped with a symlink to a host path.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:33 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai e34a0a0936 console: verify /dev/pts/ptmx before use
This is primarily done out of an abudance of caution against runc exec
being attacked by a container where /dev/pts/ptmx has been replaced with
some other bad inode (a disconnected NFS handle, a symlink that goes
through a leaked runc file descriptor to reference a host ptmx, etc).

Unfortunately, we cannot trivially verify that /dev/pts/ptmx is actually
the /dev/pts from the container without storing stuff like the fsid in
the runc state.json, which is probably not worth the extra effort. This
should at least avoid the most concerning cases.

Reported-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:32 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai c3f8ba303e console: avoid trivial symlink attacks for /dev/console
An attacker could make /dev/console a symlink. This presents two
possible issues:

 1. os.Create will happily truncate targets, which could have resulted
    in a worse version of CVE-2024-4531. Luckily, this all happens after
    pivot_root(2) so the scope of that particular attack is fairly
    limited (you are unlikely to be able to easily access host rootfs
    files -- though it might be possible to take advantage of leaks such
    as in CVE-2024-21626). However, O_CREAT|O_NOFOLLOW is what we should
    be doing for all file creations.

 2. Because we passed /dev/console as the only mount path (as opposed to
    using a /proc/self/fd/$n path), an attacker could swap the symlink
    to point to any other path and thus cause us to mount over some
    other path. This is not as big of a problem because all the mounts
    are in the container namespace after pivot_root(2), and users
    usually can create arbitrary mount targets inside the container.

These issues don't seem particularly exploitable, but they deserve to be
hardened regardless.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:32 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai a45564c23e console: add fallback for pre-TIOCGPTPEER kernels
The pty driver has very consistent allocation rules for the major:minor
numbers of /dev/pts/$n inodes, so it is possible to somewhat safely open
/dev/pts/* paths if we validate that the inode is the one we expect.

It is possible for an attacker to have over-mounted a pts peer from a
different devpts instance, but to fix this would require more tracking
of devpts instances than runc currently can do.

This means runc should continue to work on very old kernels.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:32 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai 68b07ce127 console: use TIOCGPTPEER when allocating peer PTY
When opening the peer end of a pty, the old kernel API required us to
open /dev/pts/$num inside the container (at least since we fixed console
handling many years ago in commit 244c9fc426 ("*: console rewrite")).

The problem is that in a hostile container it is possible for
/dev/pts/$num to be an attacker-controlled symlink that runc can be
tricked into resolving when doing bind-mounts. This allows the attacker
to (among other things) persist /proc/... entries that are later masked
by runc, allowing an attacker to escape through the kernel.core_pattern
sysctl (/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern). This is the original issue
reported by Lei Wang and Li Fu Bang in CVE-2025-52565.

However, it should be noted that this is not entirely a newly-discovered
problem. Way back in Linux 4.13 (2017), I added the TIOCGPTPEER ioctl,
which allows us to get a pty peer without touching the /dev/pts inside
the container. The original threat model was around an attacker
replacing /dev/pts/$n or /dev/pts/ptmx with some malicious inode (a DoS
inode, or possibly a PTY they wanted a confused deputy to operate on).
Unfortunately, there was no practical way for runc to cache a safe
O_PATH handle to /dev/pts/ptmx (unlike other runtimes like LXC, which
switched to TIOCGPTPEER way back in 2017). Since it wasn't clear how we
could protect against the main attack TIOCGPTPEER was meant to protect
against, we never switched to it (even though I implemented it
specifically to harden container runtimes).

Unfortunately, It turns out that mount *sources* are a threat we didn't
fully consider. Since TIOCGPTPEER already solves this problem entirely
for us in a race free way, we should just use that. In a later patch, we
will add some hardening for /dev/pts/$num opening to maintain support
for very old kernels (Linux 4.13 is very old at this point, but RHEL 7
is still kicking and is stuck on Linux 3.10).

Fixes: GHSA-qw9x-cqr3-wc7r CVE-2025-52565
Reported-by: Lei Wang <ssst0n3@gmail.com> (CVE-2025-52565)
Reported-by: lfbzhm <lifubang@acmcoder.com> (CVE-2025-52565)
Reported-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> (TIOCGPTPEER)
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:31 +11:00
Kir Kolyshkin 73d4be0f1b libct: maskPaths: don't rely on ENOTDIR for mount
Currently, we rely on mount returning ENOTDIR when the destination is a
directory (and so mount tells us that the source is not), and fall back
to read-only tmpfs bind mount for such cases.

Theoretically, ENOTDIR can also be returned in some other cases,
resulting in the wrong type of mount being used.

Let's be more straightforward here -- call fstat on destination file
descriptor, and use the proper mount depending on whether it is a
directory.

Reported-by: Rodrigo Campos <rodrigoca@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:31 +11:00
Kir Kolyshkin b3bee13bfc libct: maskPaths: only ignore ENOENT on mount dest
When mounting a path being masked, the /dev/null might disappear from
under us, and mount (even on an opened /dev/null file descriptor) will
return ENOENT, which we deliberately ignore, as there's no need to mask
non-existent paths.

Let's open the destination path and ignore ENOENT during open, then
mount via the destination file descriptor, not ignoring ENOENT.

Reported-by: lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:31 +11:00
Kir Kolyshkin 71a4324fc3 libct: add/use isDevNull, verifyDevNull
The /dev/null in a container should not be trusted, because when /dev
is a bind mount, /dev/null is not created by runc itself.

1. Add isDevNull which checks the fd minor/major and device type,
   and verifyDevNull which does the stat and the check.

2. Rewrite maskPath to open and check /dev/null, and use its fd to
   perform mounts. Move the loop over the MaskPaths into the function,
   and rename it to maskPaths.

3. reOpenDevNull: use verifyDevNull and isDevNull.

4. fixStdioPermissions: use isDevNull instead of stat.

Fixes: GHSA-9493-h29p-rfm2 CVE-2025-31133
Co-authored-by: Rodrigo Campos <rodrigoca@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:31 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai 345a66c7a1 *: switch to safer securejoin.Reopen
filepath-securejoin v0.3 gave us a much safer re-open primitive, we
should use it to avoid any theoretical attacks. Rather than using it
direcly, add a small pathrs wrapper to make libpathrs migrations in the
future easier...

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:31 +11:00
Aleksa Sarai d540e01c9b internal: move utils.MkdirAllInRoot to internal/pathrs
We will have more wrappers around filepath-securejoin, and so move them
to their own specific package so that we can eventually use libpathrs
fairly cleanly (by swapping out the implementation).

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
2025-10-16 11:29:30 +11:00
Kir Kolyshkin e34f6438e9 libct: State: ensure Resources is not nil
Since opencontainers/cgroups v0.0.2 (commit b206a015), all stuct
Resources fields are annotated with "omitempty" attribute.
As a result, the loaded configuration may have Resources == nil.

It is totally OK (rootless containers may have no resources configured)
except since commit 6c5441e5, cgroup v1 fs manager requires Resources to
be set in the call to NewManager (this is a cgroup v1 deficiency,
or maybe our implementation deficiency, or both).

To work around this, let's add code to ensure Resources is never nil
after loading from state.json.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
2025-09-23 13:11:53 -04:00
Kir Kolyshkin 02c4128288 criu: simplify isOnTmpfs check in prepareCriuRestoreMounts
Instead of generating a list of tmpfs mount and have a special function
to check whether the path is in the list, let's go over the list of
mounts directly. This simplifies the code and improves readability.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit ce3cd4234c)
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
2025-08-28 12:28:32 +08:00
Kir Kolyshkin 69a3439c31 criu: inline makeCriuRestoreMountpoints
Since its code is now trivial, and it is only called from a single
place, it does not make sense to have it as a separate function.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit f91fbd34d9)
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
2025-08-28 12:28:32 +08:00
Kir Kolyshkin a97c49f96e criu: ignore cgroup early in prepareCriuRestoreMounts
It makes sense to ignore cgroup mounts much early in the code,
saving some time on unnecessary operations.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit b8aa5481db)
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
2025-08-28 12:28:32 +08:00
Kir Kolyshkin 017d6b693f criu: improve prepareCriuRestoreMounts
1. Replace the big "if !" block with the if block and continue,
   simplifying the code flow.

2. Move comments closer to the code, improving readability.

This commit is best reviewed with --ignore-all-space or similar.

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 0c93d41c65)
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
2025-08-28 12:28:32 +08:00